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human beings want to go to Mars it's a

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fabulous destination for us to explore

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it has so many scientific questions that

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we could answer and it might actually be

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the first place where we find life

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beyond the atmosphere of our own earth

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we're already working on what to do when

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we get there and how to protect the

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people who'll make the trip we're doing

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quite a bit now actually in many

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different fields medical engineering

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social sciences to understand what we

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have to to send people to Mars and much

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of that work is in progress right now

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since the first people flew in space

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we've been studying how their bodies

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react in an environment where everything

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is up in the air because they're

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weightless you may develop motion

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sickness you will definitely have fluid

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shifts into your chest and head

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you will lose muscle strength you'll

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lose bone strength you will be receiving

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radiation that we don't receive on the

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ground and we're not sure exactly what

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that will do exercise is a very

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effective countermeasure that coupled

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with drugs used for osteoporosis have

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allowed us to eliminate bone loss in

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most or all of the astronauts that have

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done both the exercise and taking the

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drugs but there's also the isolated

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confined extreme environment that the

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astronauts are in and that's a challenge

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to the psychology and mental health and

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performance on the international space

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station we've studied people in the

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space environment for six months at a

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time

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as long Mars missions may take 30 months

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start to finish so I don't think it's a

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bad idea to start getting some longer

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experience on the International Space

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Station to give us an idea of what's

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awaiting us on these future very long

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flights so the station partners are

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taking the next step for the first time

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ever on this vehicle a pair of crew

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members is going to space for a year my

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first flight was very warning there are

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certain times that are you know fun it

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is very challenging to live on the space

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station for six months if we're gonna go

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to Mars we need to understand how the

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human body reacts in space for longer

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periods of time chelation for Arabic you

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see a military Buddhist new Messiah of a

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planet and

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nayad solution is STM watney's Birla

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here the palooka Vaqueros a logic with

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my Damini station science during this

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year we'll continue to study bone and

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muscle weakness and psychological

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effects but there are new goals too like

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engaging how being weightless for many

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many months impacts fine motor skills

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and restful sleep and evaluating Li

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adaptation to gravity after the

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astronauts land in Central Asia after

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the one-year mission will take them into

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a small tent and ask him to do certain

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very simple and very routine activities

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and measure how much they can and cannot

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do after the long period of spaceflight

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and the crew will use equipment that's

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already on board to try to quantify the

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fluid shift that is the prime suspect in

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vision changes and maybe do something

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about it

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wouldn't it be nice if we could change

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that fluid distribution in spaceflight

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and make measurements of the shape of

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the eye and another function and see if

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that really is the cause and the effect

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at the same time Kelly and Kornienko and

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their crewmates will help with the

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development of technologies that will

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need to be improved if future deep space

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missions are to succeed the

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International Space Station is a testbed

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allows us to test our communications

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methods perfect them so that we know how

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to handle large delays later on station

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robotics on ISS are developing tools

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that are going to assist crewmembers for

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future missions especially long-duration

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missions to Mars but we're gonna assist

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the crew members by having the robots do

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the repetitive tasks and also do the the

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tasks that are in the dangerous

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environment that we don't want to

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subject our crew members to when we go

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to sit down and finally design the new

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next-generation regenerative life

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support for spacecraft to take us to

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Mars we'll be able to draw on all the

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operational experience we've gotten with

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the space station systems to improve the

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system and make a more reliable and

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user-friendly system for the crew

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while fostering international

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cooperation and providing benefits to

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people on earth right now and serving as

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a destination for commercial vehicles

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and research the international space

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station is enabling future space